Annual day function

Prayer is an invocation or act that seeks to activate a rapport with a deity, an object of worship, or a spiritual entity through deliberate communication. Prayer can be a form of religious practice, may be either individual or communal and take place in public or in private. It may involve the use of words or song. When language is used, prayer may take the form of a hymn, incantation, formal creed, or a spontaneous utterance in the praying person. There are different forms of prayer such as petitionary prayer, prayers of supplication, thanksgiving, and worship/praise.Prayer may be directed towards a deity, spirit, deceased person, or lofty idea, for the purpose of worshipping, requesting guidance, requesting assistance, confessing sins or to express one's thoughts and emotions. Thus, people pray for many reasons such as personal benefit or for the sake of others. Yoga is also a common form of prayer. Most major religions involve prayer in one way or another. Some ritualize the act of prayer, requiring a strict sequence of actions or placing a restriction on who is permitted to pray, while others teach that prayer may be practiced spontaneously by anyone at any time.Scientific studies regarding the use of prayer have mostly concentrated on its effect on the healing of sick or injured Prayer has many different forms. Prayer may be done privately and individually, or it may be done corporately in the presence of fellow believers. Prayer can be incorporated into a daily â€Å"thought life†, in which one is in constant communication with a god. Some people pray throughout all that is happening during the day and seek guidance as the day progresses. This is actually regarded as a requirement in several Christian denominations, although enforcement is not possible nor desirable.There can be many different answers to prayer, just as there are many ways to interpret an answer to a question, if there in fact comes an answer. Some may experience audible, physical , or mental epiphanies. If indeed an answer comes, the time and place it comes is considered random. Some outward acts that sometimes accompany prayer are: anointing with oil; ringing a bell; burning incense or paper; lighting a candle or candles; facing a specific direction (i. e. towards Mecca   or the East); making the sign of the cross. One less noticeable act related to prayer is fasting.

Standardized Tests Have Been Criticized Education Essay

In California, appraisal of ELLs regularly occurs in order to guarantee that ongoing educational patterns are run intoing the pupils ‘ demands. Both province and local testing are of import because they non merely supply answerability, but besides show student accomplishment. When assessment portfolios are included, schools can place and run into the demands of a diverse pupil population that includes ELLs ( O'Malley & A ; Pierce, 1996 ) . The intent of the portfolio plan must be good established prior to its execution because the portfolio ‘s intent will find what type of work should be included. For illustration, if portfolios are to be used merely for schoolroom appraisal, they may so concentrate in merely one country of linguistic communication development, such as vocabulary. If, nevertheless, the portfolios are meant to demo an ELL ‘s growing in both English and the capable affair countries, so the portfolio should include illustrations of how good an Ell can utilize English in these countries instead than the content itself. For illustration, stuff gathered should demo how good an ELL has learned the scientific discipline vocabulary and semantics needed to understand scientific discipline books, non how good the pupil can execute a specific experiment ( Gomez, 1999 ) . Both the instructor and the pupils should make up one's mind what types of stuff to include in the portfolio. Including the ELL pupil in the decision-making procedure will offer more of a â€Å" buy-in † by the pupil. Furthermore, this will do the whole procedure more student-centered, which will motivate the pupil to take more duty for his or her acquisition. Reading – the appraisal of reading includes a broad assortment of constituents. Both the instructor and the pupil will desire a assortment of pieces of pupil work included. The instructor may desire to include: 1. ) Runing records 2. ) Reading stock lists, and 3. ) Similar steps utilizing ELL text. Cloze exercisings may besides be included that focal point on vocabulary and grammar. Cloze exercisings are particularly of import because they can show how good a pupil can foretell the following word when reading analogues degrees of proficiency ( Gomez, 1999 ) . A pupil might desire to take reading logs, book studies, and reading responses. Both the instructor and the pupil may desire to include storytelling that includes testing. Students must to the full understand that the instructor will be looking for betterment and higher reading proficiency to happen, and this must be apparent in the portfolio from the beginning to the terminal of the appraisal. The usage of rubrics and checklists will help both the pupil and the instructor. The pupil will profit when he or she understands the standards needed to carry through a undertaking, while the instructor will be able to supply more consistent scaling within the schoolroom. Writing – Of all the linguistic communication conventions combined, composing is likely one of the easiest to document in a portfolio scene. All types of authorship, including those that demonstrate grade degree proficiency, can be included in an appraisal portfolio. Furthermore, criterions established through published province models can include non merely drawings and simple linguistic communication exercisings for the early primary classs but besides diaries, essays, and more advanced research documents at the junior and senior high school degrees. Portfolios can be used to demo pupils ‘ growing in composing as their vocabulary matures. In add-on, many civilizations use different methods and signifiers of logic while supplying information and depicting things or state of affairss. This is easy recognized in a pupil ‘s authorship. This is particularly true for ELLs who are literate in their L1. Portfolios can besides measure an ELL ‘s proficiency and apprehension of composing conventions when grammar exercisings, spelling trials, and self-made lexicons are included ( Gomez, 1999 ) . In order to show growing, instructors must include composing samples from the beginning, in-between, and terminal of the term or school twelvemonth. Again, rubrics and checklists should be included to help both the pupil and the instructor. As mentioned earlier, both rubrics and checklists will do outlooks clear for the pupil, while leting the instructor to measure and rate more systematically within the overall schoolroom environment. Talking – Speaking is seldom included in portfolios because many instructors find it hard to recite speech production qualities. In add-on, many might reason that merely qualitative informations, instead than quantitative informations can be gathered to measure address. However, it is still possible to acknowledge growing in talking accomplishments if the instructor has identified speaking/speech ends. The instructor can measure a pupil ‘s address during either a study or presentation given before the category while pupils are working in braces or in a concerted acquisition environment. Again, both rubrics and checklists should be used by the instructor in order to show speech production accomplishments and growing. Listening – For the same grounds as speech production, many instructors exclude listening as an assessable constituent within a portfolio. However, with more easiness than is required for speech production, a instructor can measure hearing accomplishments through more assorted agencies. For illustration, pupils can be called upon to react to an unwritten presentation or narrative. Here pupils would compose the response after holding carefully listened to either a narrative or presentation. In this scenario, a â€Å" whole linguistic communication † attack would be employed to depict the cardinal points heard and understood from a presentation or narrative. Transcripts of treatments between other pupils could besides be included in a pupil ‘s portfolio. The Content Areas – Aside from the inclusion of the linguistic communication humanistic disciplines, instructors can besides profit by including work from the content countries. Teachers can take two attacks for the appraisal and the inclusion of the content countries in a portfolio. First, instructors may be concerned that their ELL pupils are able to use their linguistic communication accomplishments in the content countries. If this were the instance, so instructors should include illustrations that show how good any ELL pupil can utilize English in these countries. Here, instructors would concentrate on how good English is applied across the course of study instead than the content country itself. While many instructors have played down the inclusion of listening accomplishments within a linguistic communication arts portfolio, they would, on the other manus, be concerned their ELL pupils are able to understand unwritten instructions and accounts of math in English. To further this attack, an ELL instructor should teach his or her ELL pupils to take notes during a math instructor ‘s unwritten presentation/explanation of a math job. These notes would be gathered in intervals over clip from the beginning to the terminal of the term or school twelvemonth. On the other manus, and particularly in the upper classs, instructors may desire to concentrate on how good their Ell pupils are able to get the hang constructs in scientific discipline, math, and societal surveies. Rating and appraisal of a portfolio can be much easier in the content countries because there is frequently merely one correct reply in the scientific disciplines and math. Although multiple-choice inquiries often appear on a societal surveies test, frequently a richer apprehension of the topic ‘s content will be required, and consequently, must be displayed in either a short reply or paragraph length response. In this scenario, an ELL pupil will be required to non merely map good in English, but besides get competence in the content countries. Again, this divide between linguistic communication proficiency and capable affair competence narrows as ELL pupils matriculate toward the upper classs. In a math portfolio, pupils can include day-to-day work and undertakings separated over clip. Ideally, day-to-day work should besides demo how word jobs have enhanced problem-solving accomplishments. It is of import that self-assessment be included in a math portfolio. In a scientific discipline portfolio, an ELL pupil should include illustrations of his or her experiments, studies, and undertakings. A image accompanied with a brief account can be substituted whenever a undertaking or experiment is either excessively cumbrous or two lengthy for inclusion in a portfolio. Self-assessment should be used to demo the pupil how they have experienced growing and gained cognition in scientific discipline. Daily work separated overtime should be gathered that demonstrates how cognition has been obtained through a scientific discipline text edition. In a societal surveies portfolio, ELL pupils could follow the same format as they would for both a math and scientific discipline portfolio. They would, nevertheless, supply more written responses to information gathered from text and related articles. Reports and undertakings could besides be included in a societal surveies portfolio. Keep in head, nevertheless, that it is of import that the work be separated into intervals spaced over clip, from the beginning to the terminal of the term or school twelvemonth. By making this, an ELL instructor could break measure his or her pupils ‘ advancement in both the content countries every bit good as in English. As can be seen in a linguistic communication arts portfolio, the usage of rubrics and checklists are every bit of import for usage with content country portfolios. Whether or non an ELL pupil is schooled in a home room ELL category or a â€Å" pull-out † environment, it is still the duty of the ELL instructor to â€Å" shepherd † his or her pupils in both the linguistic communication humanistic disciplines and the content countries. For this ground, it ‘s imperative that ELL instructors retain an unfastened duologue and co-ordinate frequently with the content country instructors.Guidelines for utilizing portfolios.1. ) Determine the goals- ELL instructors and other module members must make up one's mind what types of information demands appraisal. Consequently, the instructors must acknowledge how the information can be provided. 2. ) Design the portfolio – Ell instructors and other module must make up one's mind what types of merchandises to be included in the portfolio. 3. ) Establish marking and rating standards – Both rubrics and checklists must be developed that support the criterions of public presentation, every bit good as promote acquisition and growing. 4. ) Establish and identify undertakings that support criterions and course of study – The ELL instructor and other module must aline assessment undertakings to their province ‘s model for content criterions. 5. ) Establish explicit standards that is student-centered – All stuff within a portfolio must incorporate pupil work that allows for self-assessment and self-reflection. 6. ) Elevate the importance of the portfolio – Students must acknowledge that portfolios represent the incarnation of their surveies. Portfolios should be contained in an attractive, yet lasting folder/binder. Portfolios should be housed in one distinguishable country of the schoolroom, surrounded by attractive, yet formal trim. 7. ) The assemblage and inclusion of stuff – The ELL instructor must denominate certain plants for inclusion in the portfolio. One must maintain in head that stuff should be included in intervals get downing from the beginning to the terminal of the term or school twelvemonth. 8. ) Self-assessment – Students should be able to reflect upon their work in order to place what they have learned, every bit good as what needs redress. Self-assessment should happen upon the completion of a undertaking, every bit good as in intervals in order to uncover growing. 9. ) Parental engagement – Parents must be kept good informed of portfolio assignments. In add-on, parents need to hold full entree to the portfolios contents, every bit good as to the progress/growth that each portfolio shows. Leting the pupils to take their portfolios place could be hazardous due to possible loss and/or harm. For this ground, the instructor must denominate certain yearss within the term or school twelvemonth for parents to physically see their kid ‘s portfolio. An surrogate means for portfolio reappraisal must happen when a parent ‘s agenda conflicts with a category visit. 10. ) Portfolios benefits toward larning and growing – A. ) A tabular array of contents must be included for organisational intents. B. ) A description of pupil advancement as it relates to each assignment ‘s standards, rubrics, and checklists, and this should happen throughout the term or school twelvemonth, marked at regular intervals that reflect the pupils ‘ ongoing phases of learning/growth. ( O'Malley & A ; Pierce, 1996 ; Gomez, 1999 ) Classroom clip and infinite for portfolios Teachers must acknowledge that portfolios follow pupils work, non frailty versa. That is, one should non schedule portfolio work every hebdomad on of any peculiar twenty-four hours. This is obvious for a figure of grounds. First, portfolios are intended to demo growing of larning over a longer period of clip ( term to term, or get downing to stop of school twelvemonth ) . Second, by adding material hebdomadal, both the instructor and the pupil will happen it hard to foreground growing. Third, frequently, blocks of instructions can widen over clip. If a peculiar twenty-four hours has been designated for portfolio work, both the instructor and the pupils might happen themselves halfway through a undertaking, therefore doing it hard to include that undertaking or separate a breakage point. On the other manus, the portfolio would go meaningless if the stuff were gathered indiscriminately. If the portfolios are meant to expose work from merely one category, so both the instructor and the pupils can hold more leeway make up one's minding how to divide and include pupil work. In this type of scenario, adding stuff to the portfolio monthly or quarterly would let growing to be observed. Aside from ongoing trials, monthly and/or quarterly inclusions would show how a pupil is bettering his or her grammatics, vocabulary, and eloquence. A instructor will hold to set his or her instruction calendar in order to conform to external timelines if the school or territory has mandated portfolios ( Gomez, 1999 ) . As mentioned earlier, portfolios should be housed in a peculiar country of the schoolroom, surrounded by attractive, yet formal trim. Attention should be made to curtail entree to portfolios. Students will break appreciate and work more responsibly when importance has been added to the portfolios. The location and design of the portfolio ‘s place should include an facet of formality. Therefore, promoting the portfolio ‘s importance in the eyes of the pupil. Parental engagement with portfolios Parental support and engagement is equivalent to any pupil ‘s acquisition. In respects to parents, all excessively frequently they are left unaware of the portfolios purpose, contents, ends, and ways for supplying appraisal. For this ground, it is imperative that the parents be included in the portfolio procedure ( Hill & A ; Ruptic, 1994 ) . Schools or instructors should denominate peculiar darks within a seven-day timeframe for informal presentations. Merely one dark would be necessary to go to, yet schools could break suit the parents ‘ agenda when offering a presentation on assorted darks within the hebdomad. The presentation should focus on on the intent and ends of the portfolio. Teachers can besides include the advantages, projected results, format, and features of a portfolio. By making this, parents will be better informed of the portfolios intent and procedure. By including parents, pupils will be better able to show the positive effects of their schooling. Parents will besides develop a deeper apprehension of how linguistic communication proficiency and capable affair competency develop over clip through assorted agencies of direction and stuff. Furthermore, parents will appreciate how their kids have developed, and will be more willing to back up a instructor ‘s agencies for direction and appraisal ( Tierney, Carter, & A ; Desai, 1991 ) . Student appraisal of personal portfolios One of the chief advantages of assessment Portfolios is that it promotes student self-evaluation, critical thought, and contemplation. Students, whether general or ELL understand their capablenesss, every bit good as what challenges them. Sadly, all excessively frequently, they are left out in the development of processs and patterns for the appraisal of their acquisition. Often, the patterns and processs that are employed to rate their acquisition rely straight on prescribed information or blink of an eye callback. Seldom do they rate what pupils understand about themselves and their acquisition. Seldom are pupils able to reflect on their acquisition and growing, and rarely are pupils called upon to utilize what they know by showing that growing and apprehension ( AMLE, 1999 ) . Leting pupils to take an active portion in the planning, preparation, and appraisal of the portfolio changes all of the above. Through pupil appraisal, pupils will hold the chance to link and do sense of their work and their acquisition. Students must be able to utilize their accomplishments and cognition, while showing their apprehension of issues and thoughts ( AMLE, 1999 ) . In a pupil led portfolio conference, both the instructor and the parents should sit-back and let the pupil to explicate their acquisition and how the stuff that has been included demonstrates their growing. Both instructors and parents can inquire inquiries, and of class offer counsel to the portfolios organisation, they would, nevertheless, want the pupil to presume full duty and ownership for the portfolio and its contents. Checklists, which will be described subsequently, offer yet another manner for pupils to pull off non merely their acquisition but besides their inclusion of stuff into a portfolio.

FREECLAIM Solicitors Marketing Mix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FREECLAIM Solicitors Marketing Mix - Essay Example The video will rank high if more and more visitors view the video produced by the company. The links of the video will be spread all over the internet; a landing page link will be created which will be published with several articles. These articles will discuss the services that the company provides and these articles will even inform the consumers about the affiliations of the company. These articles will even inform potential clients about the various benefits that the company is offering to its clients and how well the company has performed. A landing page link will be posted within these articles so the people who want to view the video can land on the organization’s webpage and can view the video from the webpage and learn about the company. Two different sets of videos will be created for the company and these two videos will be posted on the main webpage of the company. These videos will be used to promote the activities and the services that will be provided by the organization. These videos will talk about the qualified associates of the organization who can help the clients in a different manner. These videos will even talk about the benefits that the consumers can attain if the purchase services from the organization. This video will highlight various legal issues experienced by consumers and how FREE CLAIM solicitors can help them resolve these legal issues. Viewers of the videos will not have to pay a dime to watch these videos and the information provided through these videos will be completely free of cost. These videos will even talk about the charges that clients will be paying for obtaining services from the organization. More details on the charges that will be levied on customers for the services provided will be detailed in the charges section of the website. No charges will be obtained for advice  sessions, advice will be provided free of cost through the website and through the telephone link provided by the company. The company will even call the client itself if the client uses the â€Å"request a callback† option. Calculations for the amount of compensation for the injured client can be calculated through the website and no charges will be obtained for this inquiry.

Personal interview with a training manager Essay

Personal interview with a training manager - Essay Example When asked who was trained in the organization the respondent argued that that is determined by random selection from the training dates depending on the business unit. Additionally, he also argued that for some training, people are snowballed and selected through the manager’s preference. However, the training participants are required to impart the knowledge of what they have acquired in such sessions to those who did not participate. The organization refers to this as the informational networking. The training process entailed the performance manager and the training manager’s active participation in determining the training calendar for the organization. Afterward, the participants are selected. However, room for modification is maintained due to the possible emergence of better training opportunities within an organization. Training improves organizational efficiency through the fostering of innovation. Training has been noted to have an eye-opening effect on the employees. It also assists the organization in staying updated and using the most recent tools and technologies available. The employee development process causes increased efficiency and improved productivity hence offsetting the training costs incurred by the organization (McConnell, 2003). According to the respondent, training is a business

Book report on hiroshima by john hersey. the full edition Essay

Book report on hiroshima by john hersey. the full edition - Essay Example Miss Toshiko Sasaki, a youthful clerk, fractured her legs in the explosion. Her wound deteriorated due to the infection, and she got no medical assistance for weeks following the explosion. The blast kills over half the physicians in Hiroshima and hurt a large number of the remaining doctors. For instance, Dr. Masakazu Fujii becomes incapable of helping others. Therefore, he only manages to maintain himself. On the contrary, Dr. Terufumi Sasaki remained the only uninjured medical practitioner amongst Red Cross Hospital. Weeks after the bombing, Mrs. Hatsuyo is a widow bringing up her young children. She is caring and dependable, and a committed statesperson. As side from that, Nakamura is an obedient person. Luckily, she and her offspring survived the explosion with no bodily harm. However, Nakamura and her daughter fall victims of a radiation sickness and struggle with the problem for years. Consequently, Nakamura succumb to poverty since the war causes a destruction of her properties. In the narrative, Nakamura is an ordinary casualty of an extraordinary occurrence. Surprisingly, she holds no vengeance for the Americans in spite of the agony they caused to him. Interestingly, she secures a job that leads to her financial liberation. Dr. Sasaki is a twenty-three years old surgeon working at Red Cross Hospital in Japan. Additionally, he is hardworking, ingenious, ambitious and selfless. His kindness comes into play after he risks penalties for attending to ill patients in the villages before getting permission. Sasaki ends up treating thousand if victims since he is the only available doctor in the hospital. Consequently, after the bombing Sasaki makes an advancement in the treatment and studies of radiation illness. Therefore, Dr. Terufumi spent his post-bombing years in attempting to remove Keloid. Later, he leaves the city for a far area in order to stay away from the gruesome

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Marketing Essentials - Essay Example ........................................ 3.2 Porter’s Five Forces – relevant concerns.................................................... 4.0 SWOT and competitor analysis............................................................................... 4.1 SWOT analysis............................................................................................. 5.0 New product idea for H&M...................................................................................... 6.0 Marketing objectives and strategy............................................................................ 6.1 Pricing........................................................................................................... 6.2 Product.......................................................................................................... 6.3 Place............................................................................................................... 6.4 Promotion....................... ................................................................................ 7.0 Segmentation, targeting and positioning.................................................................... 8.0 Three year financial forecast and budget................................................................... 9.0 Metrics and implementation controls......................................................................... ... Main competition such as L’Oreal maintains 41 percent of market share with double-digit growth in sales due to the hedonistic and collectivist characteristics of male target markets in China. Financial forecasts indicate a 29.1 percent profit margin in 2014, which is lower than desired due to the high costs of operational development in manufacturing and research and development that is necessary for a business not familiar with product line extensions and new branding strategies in this product category. Over time, however this profit margin increases due to more streamlined internal systems and better logistical strategy development. H&M represents a total market value of (forecasted) over 89 billion USD in China, offering ample opportunity for revenue growth of approximately 15 to 20 percent year-on year through 2016. 2.0 Mission statement H&M strives to understand the importance of male grooming in a contemporary cultural environment, recognising the professional and socia l implications of maintaining a precise and well-tailored appearance. The top quality H&M for men line provides superior value as best-in-class grooming opportunities with the freshness of modish and elegant style. 3.0 Market overview The male grooming products market has experienced significant and explosive growth since 2004. In 2004, approximately seven billion USD were spent on grooming products specifically tailored for male grooming needs, including hairsprays, conditioners, shampoo and even hair colouring treatments (Hairstyles-7.com 2004). In 2010, one of the most prominent beauty companies, L’Oreal, experienced a growth rate in sales of male grooming products of 30 percent (CBS 2011). It is estimated that demand for male grooming products will increase to a

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Jacksonian Age religious commotion - Essay Example For a long time, the government controlled every activity that the church was doing (Sellers 2006). The separation between the church and the state caused a commotion in the religion. Divisions in the church were evident, where each denomination claimed to have power than the other. The main denominations according to the ranking of the majority were Methodist, Presbyterians and the Baptists. It was due to this margin among the religious institution that caused changes in the church. This commotion gave birth to revivalism which was highly welcomed by the Americans. Long before these changes, the Americans used to be attracted by secular meeting organized through camps to gain a social touch, but with the emergence of revival meetings, they diverged their lifestyle to concentrate on revivals (Sellers 2006). Salvation was evident in such meetings, having faith was also encouraged, and as a result, many people gave their lives to God. Each denomination could formulate ways to mak e their revivals unique. For instance, the Baptists came up with the idea of baptism. They argued that, it was vital for the fulfillment of conversion experience (Sellers 2006). Those who were baptized, were convinced of having gained eternal life, hence as a way of maintaining it, they became so loyal to the church. The church at one point started deteriorating in terms of fame in the country. This was due to some actions that were happening in the church which did not make people happy. Business-minded revivalists emerged, using revivals as a source of income. Though giving was a requirement, in the church, American citizens wondered how they could make themselves rich. People who conducted the revivals could not maintain their purity. They were involved in the dirty acts of immorality. Traditional religion The traditional religion in the United States was not forgotten. A good number of Americans believed in things like dreams, fortune tellers, ghosts and

Prinicples of Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Prinicples of Management - Term Paper Example Because those working in IT always need to plan ahead for the future, this makes them the best suited to be able to change management styles at short notice. Also, because there is a risk involved with most forms of leadership, those in IT are able to balance the risks and rewards and choose a successful strategy. IT managers also have to have good communication skills due to the technical terms involved; this can be beneficial when giving simple tasks that need to be done correctly. Because IT consultants always have to take onboard advice from their customers, they are best placed to listen to the needs of their staff. Also, because innovation is an important part of IT, this skill can be used to change as technology improves. Ben quotes Machiavelli, who says that â€Å"whosoever desires constant success must change his conduct with the times† (Ben, 2012). Finally, a good leader needs to understand the needs of their employees yet are aware of organizational objectives; IT p ersonnel can achieve this because they always have to satisfy a number of different people. Needed: Managers Who Are Leaders - In this article by Michael Maccoby, he discusses the need for research and technology manager to lead more than they manage. Research and technology is seen at the forefront of offering solutions to problems on a global scale. Innovation forms a big part of this since new ideas are constantly being sought. Many people find it easy to come up with new inventions; these people are known more as inventors. It takes innovators to be able to take a concept and market it to a wide range of people. In order to accomplish this, high collaboration and teamwork is necessary. Jim Meier is quoted as saying that seven factors are needed for achieving high performance collaborative teams, such as common purpose, trust, clear roles and responsibility, support, directed action, continued excellence, vitality and resiliency (Maccoby, 2009, p. 58). Even though the use of team s can be helpful, something more is required. Exceptional leadership is absolutely necessary when in comes to organizing a highly successful team. Meier says that trust is a key factor when it comes to a team being able to follow everything that a manager tells them (Maccoby, 2009, p. 59). A good leader needs to contain three elements in their management philosophy: ethics, moral reasoning, and practical values (Maccoby, 2009, p. 60). Developing Research/Technology Leaders - Michael Maccoby starts out with a comment that most managers have had some form of training in order to make them a better leader. Maccoby backs up this argument by saying that there are over one and a half million references for the Google search term â€Å"leadership training† (Maccoby, 2007, p. 65). However, many of these leadership training programs are ineffective. Maccoby proposes that research technology leadership training in particular should be centered on the four Ps: purpose, processes, people , and presentation (Maccoby, 2007, p. 66). For the first P, purpose, technology leaders often don’t understand why they are even doing a project let alone know how to successfully complete it. The first subject that leadership training should deal with is purpose, because this is the first step required to successfully run a project. For the second P, process, leaders need to understand the role that each team member or department has to offer. Once the process of an organization is made to run efficiently, it is that much

The negative effects of being to dependt on technology Essay Example for Free

The negative effects of being to dependt on technology Essay Today’s technology is more advanced and it may make your life more easier, but today im going to give you an insight on how being too dependent on technology has it negative effects on us as people in this world. When depending on technology it will give you negative effects toward your education, behavior, and economy. â€Å"People have become too dependent on technology. Many people now won’t go anywhere without their cell phone, or GPS or even their laptop computer. People today have forgotten how to spell correctly or do simple math† according to ask.com The negative effect on education by being too reliant on. Technology is relied on more and more, children today use digital communication instead of improving their writing skills. They don’t know how to write cursive, do proper grammar, and correct their spelling. People that want or feel like their cell phone or laptop is everything to them in other words its and addiction. It makes you lose track of what you’re supposed to do for instance you’re doing your homework but you keep checking your phone or laptop knowing you have to focus. According to 500 American student 73 percent said â€Å"they wouldn’t be able to study without technology†. And 38 percent couldn’t study without checking their phone or laptop. On the other hand technology has a negative effect on behavior, lazy both physically and mentally. Physically when you’re too lazy to move because you’re so use to some type of technological equipment. And mentally because your brain become too lazy to think and less able to do critical thinking. . Automobiles make it less effort for people to move however, car accidents are responsible for more death than non-health related issue. Obesity and Physical Fitness is also a result children are overweight by 10percent because of their lack of exercise and spending countless of hours in front of the computer, or television. Instead of going out to ride a bike or play out door games. For example, I’m one of those people that depends on technology and I felled P.E. my first semester in high school because I rather txt, talk on the phone or be on Facebook. Instead of doing what I was supposed to do in a result II failed P.E. but was giving an opportunities to take an online P.E. class and take this from me if you don’t want to sit at a computer all day of the week then I would suggest do our physical  activities. \ Economic also have several different negative effects. It cost financial drain focusing small businesses to close because of machine technology are taking over. Not only can it put small businesses out of business it can also put big businesses because people look a technology as in it doesn’t take strike, you don’t have to pay them, and you don’t have to worry about a machine going on break. Its sound good but what happens if the machine break down you can’t fix it because the lack of education due to the fact you’d rather invest in technology instead of learning about the risks. The risk of it putting you and or your employees out of a job. Plus it cost those practice for the tec hnology to be even used which the money is being waste instead of being put toward something more effective. With that in mind, let’s say all technology stops and your so depended on technology that you don’t know what to do. From a simple tasked such as writing a paper without typing to knowing a problem right off the top of your head with looking it up. Or let’s say you’re a game freak what happen if all video games and television was gone what would you do with yourself? Go out and become crazy having mental problem, go out and do crime to relive your game or go on with your life. For example my sister dropped her phone and it broke she was said crying like a child but she 22 she thought her whole world end. I looked at her in disbelief thinking to myself is she really doing this over a phone but people today grown attracts to their technology they would freak out if it wasn’t around and that’s a bad thing to see. Generally speaking being too dependent on technology has it negative effects dealing with our education, behavior, and economy. It keeps you from focusing, makes you lazy, and putting people out of jobs. So, remember when depending on technology it will give you ne gative effects toward your writing and grammar, your physical and mental body, and small businesses. Everyone is depending on Google for everything and they are not referring to books.

Highland Springs Entry into China

Highland Springs Entry into China International Marketing: Highland Springs Entry into China Market Selection and Environmental Analysis Executive Summary â€Å"Increased global communication has also created a greater diversity in the marketplace. Consumers are becoming more sophisticated because of the increased scope of communication, requiring a flexible and responsive strategy, instead of standardisation.† (Prevos, 2008) page Despite converging consumer and market factors, intrinsic differences still exist between country markets and even within countries in terms of regional and cultural factors.Ref More recent debate has tended to centred around the notion of increasing fragmentation, thought to be in conflict with the concept of globalisation itself ref and Yangs (1995)page research deals in much detail with what he refers to as â€Å"the seeming contradiction between rising nationalism and globalism† citing that â€Å"it appears that political and economic boundaries need not necessarily converge anymore.† Although many believe that C consumer markets have converged in terms of tastes and preferences across markets, thus offering potential for strategically equivalent segmentation (Kale Sudharsham, 1987). Tthere still exists vast disparities in terms of the PESTLE factors impacting upon business, particularly social and cultural elements but also the regulatory factors which govern industry, and ultimately, determine the strategies firms opt to pursue. Thise report shall proceed to analyses those factors which impact most on Highland Springs entry into the Chinese market and the subsequent strategies it pursues. It is by no means exhaustive as there are so many inter-related factors at play simultaneously and in varying degrees from a global perspective. Thee report has attempted to analyse those factors deemed to beconsiders the most significant factors, and in particular, with a focuses on the cultural elements which eaffect consumer behaviour and which have the most direct impact o n the strategy which Highland Springs opts to pursue strategy in the Chinese market in the launch of its premium bottled water brand. Environmental Analysis â€Å"There exists a well-developed literature of market failures committed abroad by international marketersOne major reason of such failures is poor market selection.† (Rahman, 2003) Although From table 1, It is clear that China is viewed as offers offering muchsignificant potential for western manufacturers, particularly of consumer goodshowever , a thorough environmental analysis is highly recommended, Ggiven the stage of Chinas economic development and the fact that despite its rapid and impressive progression in recent years, it still lags behind developed markets not only in terms of consumer buying habits and and sophistication, but also most significantly, in terms of market infrastructure which impacts significantly on the subsequent elements of the marketing strategy to be implemented, particularly distribution and logistical elements of bringing the product to market. The Chinese market is highly fragmented on a regional basis and is characterised by much diversity in terms of consumer income as well as propensity to buy certain goods or products. Such disparities are most notable when analysing the vast discrepancies in income levels between the urban and rural populations. â€Å"Few of us know even simple facts about the geography, culture, and economics of countries other than our own. Even fewer people have at their fingertips details that tell whether their goods will sell in a particular market.† Cavusgil (1985) states that few people know the basic tenents of geography, culture or economies of countries different from their own and continues that there are even fewer people who know whether their products will be sold successfully in specific markets. (Cavusgil, 1985) Chinas market is geographically vast in comparison to Highland Springs domestic UK market and its other international markets primarily in developed economies, with much higher numbers of potential consumers. It is also highly diverse in cultural terms internally than the company may be used to dealing with in international markets and characterised by huge differences in terms of social and cultural aspects including language variations on a regional basis which implies that a standardised approach is less applicable. Arguably, Carey (2006) posits that much of the demand for Western-type products is forecast in the highly urbanised areas and in the special economic zones where many workers with available spending power are located and given the nature of the product, considered at the luxury end of the market, this is highly relevant. Despite its progression, as Carey (2006) highlightscontinues that, â€Å"tThough urban incomes are rising, the majority of the Chinese population rem ains mired in rural poverty, awaiting economic and political reforms that may not happen for another decade, if at all.† Table 21. Off-Trade Sales Value and Growth of Bottled Water Region Value ($ million, 2003) CAGR (1998-2003) CAGR (forecast) (2003-08) East China 827.5 18.4% 12.0% North and Northeast China 511.5 17.8% 12.0% Mid-China 466.8 22.3% 16.0% South China 475.7 18.0% 12.0% Southwest China 335.7 23.1% 16.0% Northwest China 179.6 24.3% 16.0% Source: Euromonitor. Soft Drinks in China. April 2004. Check Chinas economic progression has resulted in increased demand for many products and services, such as for example mineral water. In addition, the fact that as clean drinking water is a scarce commodity, has seen the market has grown rapidly in recent times, highlighted by the table abovesince 1989 (Table 2), though this also has implications for the strategy to be adopted, particularly with regarding to issues relating to Corporate Social Responsibility. Highland Spring is different from many of the suppliers in the market given that it is considered to be a premium brand which emulates certain lifestyle elements of the developed West in much the same way as Perrier or Evian of France do., Ttherefore entryherefore, entry into the market does not indicate that it would be competing head-on directly with the domestic playerscompetitors. This is relevant as many market commentators see higher income consumers in emerging markets as chooseing to purchase foreign brands which tend to commu nicate wealth and success. In this respect, Highland Spring is therefore at the premium end of the water market and its Scottish origins should allow the brand to align itself alongside the leading foreign brands that are already established in this e market and to which many in the emerging markets such as China are viewed as aspiring toaspire, for example, China. The Scottish origin should also allow it a degree of differentiation to the predominantly French origin of the leading playersbrands. â€Å"Although in countries such as India and China consumption rates are not as high they have risen dramatically, tripling in India and doubling in China over the past 5 years. In countries such as these the main product line is Nestle pure life, a low cost purified tap water with added minerals.† (Edwards, A., 2007) The analysis here has highlighted demonstrated that the potential demand for Highland Spring is likely to derive from those consumers who earn proportionately moremore, for example, in income terms such as professionals and also the younger segments of the market who are likely to be more exposed to Western- style goods particularly with the increase in overseas education and travel as well as exposure to media, such as including the internet and cable/satellite television., though Though censorship remains high in the nation, it is assumed that the nature of the product should not make this such an problem issue as it would for manufacturers of, for example alcoholic beverages, for example. In addition, an important target segment shall be is the expatriate community which could prove a lucrative segment, particularly in the leading cities of Shanghai and Beijing, thus making the hotel, restaurant and leisure segments of the market highly attractiveprofitable. It is unlikely that th e product shall achieve much success in targeting the lower-income segments of the population given the availability of and loyalty to local regional brands as well as the substantially lower prices of such products. This highlights demonstrates how, despite the substantial cultural differences in existence regionally in China, there is still scope to adopt strategically equivalent segmentation (Kale Sudharsham, 1987) across specific target segments in the market, (Kale Sudharsham, 1987).Tthough clearly, adaptation may be necessary to some or all aspects of the marketing variables in the context of the political, regulatory and cultural factors at play. This market analysis is by no means exhaustive but has rather highlighted those factors at play which have the most impact on the subsequent strategy to be pursued by Highland Spring in China. Further information relating to the market and consumer buying behaviour is contained in the appendix. The preliminary analysis has also highlighted demonstrated that despite the diversity inherent in the Chinese market, there is certainly potential for the Highland Spring brand across specific market segments. In addition, despite the apparent differences between consumers in mature markets in comparison to China, in terms of the Highland Spring brand, given the luxury nature of the product, there is also much similarity, thus epitomising Levitts (1983) theory of converging commonality and Ohmaes (1989) view of â€Å"Managing in a Borderless World† where he highlights how leading premium or luxury brands lend themselves more to global standardisation. Simultaneously, while there remains much scope to extend the global branding and positioning of the product in the market, the fact remains that premium bottled water is still regarded by many as considered to be in the infancy stages in China as opposed to the mature markets of the West. This implies that despite convergence, adaptation is still required if not to the product itself, but to the marketing strategy to be implemented in order to obtain â€Å"â€Å"strategic fit† (Aaker, 1992) between the product and the market. An important consideration for Highland Spring in its launch is the image of the industry as a whole, particularly, from an international perspective. Given that many are of the opinion that Wwater is a basic human necessity., Mmany firms within this market continuum ,for example,such as Highland SpringSpring, at the premium end and Nestle at the lower end within this particular sector and Nestle at the other end of the scale, have been criticised for essentially profiteering from emerging economies such asfor example China and India where the availability of clean water is scarce and in some instances, non-existent. This must be considered from both an international as well as local perspective so as to protect the value of the brand and its positioning in consumers minds. The companys commitment to both environmental and social sustainability cannot be over-emphasised in its proposed launch of its product in the Chinese market and must also be considered with regarding to any partn erships or alliances that are formed.entered into. Marketing Mix Strategy Product Strategy â€Å"When it comes to product strategy, managing in a borderless world doesnt mean managing by averages. It doesnt mean that all tastes run together into one amorphous mass of universal appeal.† (Ohmae,( 1989) states that product strategy does not have to be â€Å"managed by averages†and continues to suggest that individual brands of water can retain their own special taste. The very nature of the product implies that little adaptation should be applied if any at all as part of the appeal and the value of the brand itself, are the Scottish origins. The â€Å"Scottishness† of the brand also appeals to the psychological experience of consumption as highlighted stated by Clegg (2005) â€Å"Working the link between place of origin and product quality is the oldest trick in the brand book. It milks our thirst for mythology and plays mercilessly on our superstitious hope that special places have the power to revitalise and transform.† Highland Spring must however, ensure that it meets with stringent regulatory requirements in the Chinese market and must also ensure that the transportation of the products does not in any way adversely affect the contents and quality of the water itself. The research has also highlighted that many Chinese consumers view bottled water as being ref more beneficial to health with many multinationals such as Nestlà © opting to add vitamins and other health-associated minerals to their water brands in an attempt to appeal to a wider range of consumers and gain advantage over competitors, particularly the local playersbrands. This, however, appears to be more at the lower end of the market rather than the premium end in which Highland Spring should be positioned and appears less relevant as the aesthetic elements of the product have more influence over the purchasing process. Labelling may require adaptation, again given the regulatory environment as well as the language barriers in existence. Although China is characterised by low literacy levels in comparison to the developed World,ref it is assumed that the target segments in question shall be characterised by higher literacy levels than one might normally associate with brands competing in the lower-priced segments. In addition, with regard to product policy, it must also be highlighted that the product itself, while remaining largely standardised across national borders, is at varying stages of the product life cycle in different country markets. Highland Spring can be considered as being in a mature market in the UK and other more developed economies, whereas in China it is at the introduction stages of its cycle and in the consumer adoption process. This has an influence on the subsequent communication and distribution elements of the mix especially at the early stages where communicating the essence of the brand and any associated benefits, both tangible and intangible shall will be of paramount importance. Price Pricing is an important variable to consider as Chinese consumers are deemed to be more price-sensitive than their Western counterparts as highlighted by St-Maurice (2008): â€Å"On average, Chinese consumers are willing to pay a premium of about 2.5 percent for a branded product they purchase regularly, By contrast, in developed markets, premiums for familiar brands can reach 20 percent or more. Our research suggests that rising inflation is making Chinese consumers more price sensitive and less loyal to their preferred brands.† Analysis of competitors pricing policies should be examined especially the leading French players in the market. It may be prudent initially to introduce the product at a lower price than competitors in order to gain a foothold in the market. Appropriate distribution agreements with local agents should facilitate this and assist in keeping prices down initially with the anticipation that margins shall will rise as the product gains a foothold in the market. Given the premium nature of the product it is important than price also communicates the brands quality and prestige image while simultaneously not being positioned so high as to exclude potential customers. Promotion â€Å"As China becomes a major player in the global economy, authorities in Beijing are trying to balance the need for more information with their goal of controlling content as a means to maintain power.† (Zissis, C. and Bhattacharji, P., 2008) This is perhaps the variable in which adaptation is most likely to occur given the cultural differences inherent within the Chinese market. It is also important yet again, to be aware of any regulatory requirements regarding information communicated through promotional media as well as on labelling requirements. However, it is safe to assume that in spite of the variances in terms of regulations as well as language barriers, the promotional element should be relatively consistent on a global basis in order to create a global brand with more universal appeal. Country of origin is an important element to communicate as well as the pureness, quality and superiority of the product highlighting, perhaps, certain elements which may be deemed more important to the Chinese consumer, particularly any health or purity elements which would serve to differentiate and position the brand above the leading foreign competitors in the marketplace. An interesting element to consider is the massive inc reases in the number of Chinese visitors to events such as the annual Edinburgh Festival so some sort of tie-in or complementary advertising with relevant tourist companies or airlines, both international and Chinese operators, may be prudent in heightening brand recognition out with the Chinese market initially. As highlighted by the environmental analysis of the market, literacy levels are substantially lower in the Chinese market yet the target market in question is assumed to be within those segments that possess the relevant literacy levels as well as the available disposable income. The same can be assumed in terms of access to communication mediums such as quality and international press as well as television and internet. The same mediums may not, for example, be options for those companies targeting the lower priced end of the water market where much more local adaptation shall undoubtedly be required and thus images become much more important as well as billboard and regional campaigns such as in-store promotions. However, despite recommendations to promote a global campaign â€Å"adapting global programs to the local level can often improve the effectiveness of a campaign.† (Aaker and Joachimsthaler, 1999) and this is likely to be reflected in the medium used rather than the promotional messages and images themselves. Sponsorship with leading sporting or other social events and special offers or tie-ins with other products or establishments such as hotel chains and health spas should also be examined in order to gain more exposure for the brand in the early stages. Place Highland Spring is involved in both the on and off- trade in its domestic market whereas in China, sales are likely to be predominantly, if not wholly concentrated in the on-trade, primarily through hotel and restaurant chains and in exclusive wine bar/bistro type establishments in the highly urbanised zones of the main cities of Beijing and Shanghai in order to target segments directly as well as to raise the profile of the brand. Clearly the reputation and standing of such establishments in the market must be consistent with the quality and image of the Highland Spring brand itself. Market Entry Strategy This is perhaps the most important element of Highland Springs launch in the Chinese market as the choice of suitable partnerships in terms of distribution, logistics and retail establishments shall be overwhelmingly important to the subsequent success or failure of the product launch. Analysis has highlighted that the Chinese market per se is still extremely complicated to operate within. Despite the progress made in terms of lowering trade barriers, many obstacles still exist and protectionism is still very much a reality which foreign operators must contend with. As a result, many markets, particularly consumer markets, are characterised by a high proportion of strategic alliances and joint ventures and distribution arrangements than one might normally encounter in more developed economies. Foreign companies appear to have opted for this style of partnership as a means to overcome some of the obstacles in the marketplace, affording them more control over activities and gaining add ed insight into the local operational complexities. This is in line with what Ohmae (1989) refers to as â€Å"market insiderization† achieved through collaboration with local agents established in the market who are aware of the intricacies of operating in the Chinese business environment. Although predominantly entering the market through exporting, also deemed necessary given the nature of the product and the fact that country of origin is an essential part of the brand itself, C collaborative arrangements shall be necessary with domestic Chinese firms in order to facilitate entry into the market, as well as the subsequent distribution of the product itself. The identification of a suitable partner shall be required, one which offers expertise in terms of knowledge of the market and a well-established and reliable distribution network in place with links into prospective retail outlets. Given the premium image of the Highland Spring brand, partners, distributors and any other agents appointed in the market, must also be reliable and well-thought of within the industry. Another important element to consider is that all storage and distribution facilities comply with both Chinese and international regulations to ensure that the product quality shall be retained when in transit and in storage. Highland Spring already have an arrangement in place with a US-based company named Savi Networks and employ the companys SaviTrak(TM) for Wireless Cargo Monitoring system in many of their international markets. This shall be explored in terms of capabilities within the Chinese market as the company is already active in Hong Kong. As Highland Spring explains, â€Å"Whether it is our devotion to protecting our Organic Land or using the latest in technology to manage the flow of our natural product to distant consumers, we are incessant in our quest that the customer experience, whether in Hong Kong or Dubai, be the same quality as those in the UK.† (PR Hub, 2009) Further details of this are contained in the appendix. Clearly a major factor for success is the distribution capability of potential partners in the marketplace. Related companies in the alcoholic and soft drinks segments of the market, particularly international companies such as PepsicoPepsiCo or Diageo, or even in conjunction with other food related companies such as Scottish Salmon, may offer the potential to form collaborative distribution arrangements such as piggybacking. This could also be of benefit not only in terms of lowering costs but also from the point of view of providing non competing but complementary products to the market and may be of particular appeal to many of the larger hotel and retail outlet chains in the nation. This would also substantially lower the risks involved in market entry into the Chinese market. Although on the whole, the analysis has highlighted that some sort of partnership or arrangement with local players is deemed necessary, this does not rule out the opportunity to enter into partnership with other foreign firms already established in the market, and as highlighted in the preceding paragraph, this could provide added opportunity and and economies of scale scale economies for all involved in both the supply and demand for the product in question as explained by Young et al (1989) â€Å"where the company sells its goods abroad through the overseas distribution facilities of another producer; the two firms would normally have complementary, non-competitive products.† References Aaker, D. and Joachimsthaler, E., 1999, The Lure of Global Branding, Harvard Business Review, November-December. Carey, W.P., 2006, â€Å"Starbucks Banks on the Middle Kingdoms Middle Class†, June 21, available at, http://knowledge.wpcarey.asu.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1263, accessed 01/11/09 Cavusgil, S.T., 1985, Guidelines for Export Market Research, Business Horizons, November-December. Clegg, A, The Myth of Authenticity, 15 Aug 2005, available at http://brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=276, accessed 26/11/09 Edwards, E., 2007, Bottled Water: Pouring Resources Down the Drain?, School of Built and Natural Environment, Swansea Institute of Higher Education. Kale, S H and Sudharsham, D., 1987, â€Å"A Strategic Approach to International Segmentation†, International Marketing Review, Summer. Levitt, T, 1983, The Globalization of Markets, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Ohmae, K, 1989, â€Å"Managing in a Borderless World†, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Prevos, P, 2008, â€Å"Converging Commonality and Business Strategy†, 25 October, available at http://prevos.net/mba/convergence.pdf, accessed 31/10/09 Rahman, S.H., 2003, Modelling of International Market Selection Process: A Qualitative Study of Successful Australian International Businesses, Qualitative Market researcresearch]vh: An International Journal, Vol.6, Issue 2. St-Maurice, I., Sussmuth-Dyckerhoff, C. and Tsai, H, 2008, â€Å"Whats New With the Chinese Consumer†, McKinsey Quarterly, October. Yang, X. (1995) Globalization of the Automobile Industry: The United States, Japan and the Peoples Republic of China Greenwood Publishing Group. Young, S., Hamill, J., Wheeler, C. and Davies, J.R., 1989, International Market Entry and Development: Strategies and Management, Harvester Wheatsheaf, Prentice Hall. Zissis, Bhattachari, 2008, Media Censorship in China, Council For Foreign Relations, March 18 available at http://www.cfr.org/publication/11515/p-9 http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5063, accessed 15/02/10 PR Hub available at http://blog.taragana.com/pr/highland-spring-ltd-uk-selects-savi-networks-savitraktm-for-wireless-cargo-monitoring-8443/, accessed 13/02/10 Bibliography Aaker, D. and Joachimsthaler, E., 1999, The Lure of Global Branding, Harvard Business Review, November-December. Aaker, D., 1991, â€Å"Managing Brand Equity†, The Free Press, New York. Aaker, David A, 1992, â€Å" Strategic Market Management†, John Wiley Sons Inc. Arnold, D., 2000, â€Å"Seven Rules of International Distribution†, Harvard Business Review, November-December. Brooks, Ian et al, â€Å"The International Business Environment†, Prentice Hall, 2004 Carey, W.P., 2006, â€Å"Starbucks Banks on the Middle Kingdoms Middle Class†, June 21, available at, http://knowledge.wpcarey.asu.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1263, accessed 01/11/09 Cavusgil, S.T., 1985, Guidelines for Export Market Research, Business Horizons, November-December. Chakravarthy, B and Perlmutter, H V, 1985,Strategic Planning For a Global Business, Columbia Journal of World Business. Clegg, A, The Myth of Authenticity, 15 Aug 2005, available at http://brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=276, accessed 26/11/09 Czinkota, M and Ronkainen, I; International Marketing, The Dryden Press, 2nd edition, 1990 Dawar, N., 2004, What Are Brands Good For? Sloan Management Review, Volume 46, Number 1. de Mooij, M., 2009, Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes, SAGE, London. Edwards, E., 2007, Bottled Water: Pouring Resources Down the Drain?, School of Built and Natural Environment, Swansea Institute of Higher Education. Eid, R. and Trueman, M., 2002, The Internet: New International Marketing Issues, Management Research News, Volume 25, Number 12. Kale, S H and Sudharsham, D., 1987, â€Å"A Strategic Approach to International Segmentation†, International Marketing Review, Summer. Kashani, K., 1989, â€Å"Beware the Pitfalls of Global Marketing†, Harvard Business review, September-October. Leontiades, James C, 1985, â€Å"Multinational Corporate Strategy: Planning For World Markets†, Lexington Books. Levitt, T, 1983, The Globalization of Markets, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Ohmae, K, 1989, â€Å"Managing in a Borderless World†, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Poillon, C., 2000, â€Å"Getting Started with Emerging Markets†, Wiley, New York Porter, M.E. (1979) How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review, March/April. Prevos, P. (2008) Converging Commonality and Business Strategy, retrieved on 09/01/10 from http://prevos.net/mba/convergence.pdf Quelch, J.A. and Hoff, E.J., 1986, â€Å"Customizing Global Marketing†, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Rahman, S.H., 2003, Modelling of International Market Selection Process: A Qualitative Study of Successful Australian International Businesses, Qualitative Market researcvh: An International Journal, Vol.6, Issue 2. Raju, P.S., 1995, â€Å"Consumer Behaviour in Global Markets: the A-B-C-D Paradigm and its Application to Eastern Europe and the Third World†, Journal of Consumer Marketing Vol.12 No.5. St-Maurice, I., Sussmuth-Dyckerhoff, C. and Tsai, H, 2008, â€Å"Whats New With the Chinese Consumer†, McKinsey Quarterly, October. Walters, P.G.P and Samiee, S., 2003, Executive insights: Marketing Strategy in Emerging markets: The Case of China, Journal of International Marketing Vol.11, No.1. Woetzel, J.R., 2004, â€Å"A Guide to doing Business in China†, McKinsey Quarterly, Special Edition: What Global Executives Think. Wood, V.R. and Robertson, K.R., 2000, â€Å"Evaluating International Markets: The Importance of Information by Industry, by Country of Destination, and by Type of Export Transaction†, International Marketing Review, Vol.17 No.1. Young, S., Hamill, J., Wheeler, C. and Davies, J.R., 1989, International Market Entry and Development: Strategies and Management, Harvester Wheatsheaf, Prentice Hall. Zissis, Bhattachari, 2008, Media Censorship in China, Council For Foreign Relations, March 18 available at http://www.cfr.org/publication/11515/ Top Global Food and Beverage Companies: Strategies for Success, Just-Food, January 2009 http://www.ats.agr.gc.ca/asia/4203_e.htm#N_1 http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5063 http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200012/16/eng20001216_58005.html http://blog.taragana.com/pr/highland-spring-ltd-uk-selects-savi-networks-savitraktm-for-wireless-cargo-monitoring-8443/

The Benefits of Eating Horse Meat Essay examples -- food, horse meat

They Eat Horses, Don't They? Many Americans have a hard time thinking about eating horse meat. Every year, many horses are slaughtered for meat which is exported to other countries. â€Å"The U.S. Humane Society Web site says 55,776 horses were slaughtered last year in the United States and thousands more transported to Canada and Mexico for slaughter there (Lum). By getting rid of unwanted horses, the horse market will begin to steadily climb. Slaughtering horses allows breeders a way to benefit from old horses and benefits the economy. Unfortunately, people who breed too many horses find it hard to get rid of the each year.This causes them to have to find another place for the extra horses. â€Å"People will turn them out in fields and let them starve to death. That alternative is less humane, more wasteful and just dumb† (Maese). The problem of horses starving is nothing new to the horse business. For years Amish have been tying horses to lamp posts that they can no longer afford to feed, and some people who obtain horses do not have the means to take care of them. While it is not truly the horse’s fault, at the same time, butchering it provides a clean, humane and swift end to what otherwise would be a miserable last few days of their life. Not to mention that they would be able to be used in another form. Sometimes its this sacrifice that is needed to benefit the industry. Over the years, the opinions of many people have started to change about horses in America. It has started from the idea, the Native Americans had of using the whole animal when it was hunted, to nowadays Americans do not even want to use a horse unless it is alive. This has to lead one to wonder how exactly this change occurred. It's all PETA and thes... ... to kill a suffering horse and use the meat, than to kill a suffering horse and waste it. Works Cited Drape, Joe. "Drugs Injected at the Racetrack Put Europe Off U.S. Horse Meat." New York Times. 09 Dec 2012: A.1. SIRS Issues Researcher.Web. 14 Nov 2013 Lum, Rebecca Rosen. "Wild Horses Lose Protection from Slaughter." Contra Costa Times (Walnut Creek, CA). Jan. 28 2005: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 05 Nov 2013. Maese, Rick. "Horse Slaughtering Deeply Divides Racing, Breeding Community." Orlando Sentinel (Orlando, FL). 28 May 2004: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 05 Nov 2013. Pacelle, Wayne. "Don't Reopen Plants That Slaughter Horses for Food." Chicago Tribune. 19 Apr 2013: 25. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 11 Nov 2013. "USDA Promotes the Eating of Horse & Goat Meat." USDA Promotes the Eating of Horse & Goat Meat. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.

Tiger for Sony :: essays research papers

If Sony is hinting at OS X and Linux, there's also a good chance they could be developing a proprietary OS. The PS3 will have to support HDMI-HDCP output since the old DVI standard can no longer be implemented. HDMI has definitely been in Sony's interests as it is a huge media vendor with SCEA and Sony Pictures. Yet giving out a game system with HDCP-HDMI output for HDTV gaming while putting an open source operating system like Linux on a single machine is kind of insane. You can't put the 'hacker's OS' on a relatively cheap Blu-Ray/computer/gaming machine and not expect piracy. You can put it on the PS2 with an HDD which would be a relatively cheap DVD/psuedo-computer/gaming machine- but due to the nature of the compatibility of the PS3 spec- it will be much more tempting to commit piracy on a PS3 than a PS2, and a PS3 with Linux than an Xbox360. This implementation of Linux would be asking for easier copyright-protection-overrides than the Xbox currently suffers (a soft-mod here, a network cable there- Linux and Evox in of their illegal game copying glory.) The PS2 made consumers realize the PS wasn't as rare a thing as they'd thought. The PS3 will make consumers realize the PS2 was an introduction into an industry larger than film, and that film-quality games have their very beautiful appeal. Yet Linux would definitely drive sales- a large portion of Windows users hear about Linux' supposed superiority and don't care, but sure wouldn't mind it if a Linux machine fell into their lap with a GUI comprabale to Windows. The PS3 part won't be too shabby either. I'd say they'll have a Linux-like full-fledged proprietary OS with a bunch of root restrictions to make it harder to override it with another OS, learning from MS' mistake on the Xbox. I can possibly see Sony eventually giving consumers ability to put Longhorn on PS3. It would have the competivite/ironic edge consumers would adore. "The MS OS can't run on Xbox360, but it sure can run on PS3." Longhorn will be super-feature-rich in terms of copyright control technologies, avail in Sony's interests. In that scenario, MS could even be forced to follow Sony in putting Longhorn on its Xbox360, but I doubt consumers would forget Sony did it first. Its pretty doubtul, but if Sony elaborated on such an idea with action I think we could expect great things in terms of revenue and support. Tiger for Sony :: essays research papers If Sony is hinting at OS X and Linux, there's also a good chance they could be developing a proprietary OS. The PS3 will have to support HDMI-HDCP output since the old DVI standard can no longer be implemented. HDMI has definitely been in Sony's interests as it is a huge media vendor with SCEA and Sony Pictures. Yet giving out a game system with HDCP-HDMI output for HDTV gaming while putting an open source operating system like Linux on a single machine is kind of insane. You can't put the 'hacker's OS' on a relatively cheap Blu-Ray/computer/gaming machine and not expect piracy. You can put it on the PS2 with an HDD which would be a relatively cheap DVD/psuedo-computer/gaming machine- but due to the nature of the compatibility of the PS3 spec- it will be much more tempting to commit piracy on a PS3 than a PS2, and a PS3 with Linux than an Xbox360. This implementation of Linux would be asking for easier copyright-protection-overrides than the Xbox currently suffers (a soft-mod here, a network cable there- Linux and Evox in of their illegal game copying glory.) The PS2 made consumers realize the PS wasn't as rare a thing as they'd thought. The PS3 will make consumers realize the PS2 was an introduction into an industry larger than film, and that film-quality games have their very beautiful appeal. Yet Linux would definitely drive sales- a large portion of Windows users hear about Linux' supposed superiority and don't care, but sure wouldn't mind it if a Linux machine fell into their lap with a GUI comprabale to Windows. The PS3 part won't be too shabby either. I'd say they'll have a Linux-like full-fledged proprietary OS with a bunch of root restrictions to make it harder to override it with another OS, learning from MS' mistake on the Xbox. I can possibly see Sony eventually giving consumers ability to put Longhorn on PS3. It would have the competivite/ironic edge consumers would adore. "The MS OS can't run on Xbox360, but it sure can run on PS3." Longhorn will be super-feature-rich in terms of copyright control technologies, avail in Sony's interests. In that scenario, MS could even be forced to follow Sony in putting Longhorn on its Xbox360, but I doubt consumers would forget Sony did it first. Its pretty doubtul, but if Sony elaborated on such an idea with action I think we could expect great things in terms of revenue and support.

Essay --

Part A: Describe protein structure, the level of structure and geometry. Include in a description of the significance of structure and how it affects to analysis. Protein Structure Levels There are four levels of protein structure which are separated from one another by the degree of complication in the polypeptide chain. A protein molecule can consist of one or more of the protein structure types. 1- ) Primary Structure is the sequence of a chain of amino acids. Proteins are formed from 20 different amino acids. Amino acid are composed of a carbon (ÃŽ ± carbon) that bond to the hydrogen atom (H), a carboxyl group (-COOH), an amino group (-NH2) and a variable group, or R group. The primary structure is determined during translation. There are two tools uses to determine the primary structure; Edman degradation and mass spectrometry. Primary structure controls the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures. It is also used to determine the molecular mass and isoelectric point. 2- )Secondary Structure describes the coiling or folding of a protein due to exclusive hydrogen bonding between its backbone amide and carbonyl groups. These secondary structures are held together by hydrogen bonds. There are three types of secondary structures in proteins. a-) Alpha helix (ÃŽ ±-helix) is a spiral arrangement around polypeptide backbone. The inner part of the coil is formed by the backbone of the peptide while the side chains extend outward from the coil. Hydrogen bonds between N-H of one amino acid and the C=O on the 4th amino acid stabilize the helix. b-) Beta pleated the beta sheet involves H bonding between the backbone residues in adjacent chains. The orientation of a beta pleated sheet can occur in two types. The strands may be paralle... ...Da) than grw175 (28 kDa) proving that the above observation is true. b-) Molecular mass of the XÃ ¸D2788 gene product = 56 kDa 1.) Loaded the image of the gel into ImageJ 2.) Labeled the MW ladder lane then other lanes of interest (lane 2 grw175, lane 3 grw19) 3.) A graph representation was then generated 4.) I selected the peaks of MW lane to be used in the molwt.macros program 5.) Based on the calculations that were generated using the molwt macros program I was then able to select the peaks of interest and compute a numerical value for them 6.) ImageJ indicated a peak of 56kda for grw19 positive and a 28kda value in grw175 positive. 7.) Using the numerical values I was able to subtract the grw175 estimated size of 28kda from the size of what is believed to be the fusion protein grw19 56kda 8.) Grw175 = 28kda – fusion protein 56kda to give you a value of = 28kda

Interpersonal communication Essay

Interpersonal communication is defined as an interaction between involving two or more participants, providing immediate feedback to each other. It serves a purpose especially in building relationships. Interpersonal communication is a transactional process. It is not a one way activity like a monologue. Rather, it is interactive, and ongoing. In watching the sitcom, Scrubs, communication doesn’t commence when the characters start talking. It starts the moment viewers and actors come face to face in the boob tube. The actors do not convey messages solely through words, but through actions and facial expressions too. For instance, the scrunching face of one actor may already be interpreted by the audience as an expression of disgust or dislike. Interpersonal communication is also ambiguous. The significance of the words articulated is interpreted distinctively by each receiver. The particular line â€Å"well good news is, I don’t have to eat my wife’s cooking anymore, right? † uttered by the patient was understood differently by the pair of doctors standing in his bedside. The female physician laughed so hard because she found it funny, but the male physician furrowed his brows. The understanding of a person may be affected by various factors. His culture, personality, upbringing, gender and even intelligence are just some of the reasons for the disparity in interpretation. The ambiguity of interpersonal communication is also a cause of dispute. In a lover’s feud for example, the female might be fuming mad when his partner chides about her weight. She might take it as a sign that he is not attracted to him anymore. Whereas, the bewildered boyfriend’s initial goal was perhaps to make her less conscious of her body by joking about it. In addition, interpersonal communications have a content and relationship dimension. The meaning of a line or phrase is dependent on the context and the circumstance involved. Just like in the sitcom line mentioned above, where the man commented about his wife’s cooking, the connotation will change if the man is not ill and in bed. For me, what he said was meant to make the hospital mood lighter. But, if he were talking to an attractive woman at a cafe, it might be interpreted as flirting. Interpersonal communication may be viewed as symmetrical or complementary. Symmetry suggests that the behaviour of one person is mirrored by another, while the term complementary refers to contrasting reactions. Both were evident in the sitcom Scrubs. The patient-doctor relationship is usually symmetrical in the show. The physician wants to cure the patient’s sickness, and the patient wants to be treated. Complementarity arises due to the different power positions. The physician, who is an expert on medical care instructs his patient. The patient oftentimes, becomes a passive receiver of information. When the relationship is complementary, there is a chance that the two parties would intensify each other. For instance, when the patient told his doctor that he wanted to get out of bed to see the talent show, the doctor of course declined. The patient looked downcast and ready to protest, but it turned out that the doctor was only kidding him initially. Interpersonal communication is a series of punctuated events. After each statement or idea, there is a reaction. A person does not respond only after a lengthy narrative is finished, but on each word, sentence or paragraph mentioned. In a sitcom for example, viewers do not watch the whole episode and laugh only when it ends. But, they chuckle on each line that they find funny. In addition, the series of reactions, on when to laugh is arbitrarily set by the viewer. I do not find other dialogues ticklish, and thus I do not giggle a bit, even if others do. However, live sitcoms like Scrubs exploit this aspect by adapting to and adopting the viewer’s point of view. Since communication is a transactional process, it is easy to catch the audience’s empathy and adjust to their mood. A laughing spiel is often followed by serious dialogue. Interpersonal communication is inevitable. In a situation where interaction is possible, one cannot not communicate. It is hard not to respond to someone who is conveying a message to you. But, I personally find this point rather contentious. As a television viewer, I sometimes watch simply to absorb information. In watching the weather news, I feel no empathy for what I am hearing. I am simply a passive funnel of ideas. In this sense, the news reporter has given me weather data, but has not elicited any reaction from me. Interpersonal communication is irreversible. Something that has been said cannot be taken back. The meaning of the words that has been transmitted and digested by the other party cannot be reversed. In sitcoms for instance, if viewers are offended by a racial joke, it is hard to appease them. The only way to do it is through a public apology. Interpersonal communication is unrepeatable. The exact line containing exactly the same words can of course be uttered twice, but the underlying situation is constantly changing and there is no certainty that it can be reconstructed. Due to the unrepeatable aspect of interpersonal communication, one has to be aware of himself. At such, one has to be conscious of using strong words, like â€Å"hate† and giving commitments.

“In Training” By Helen Lawson Essay

Helen Lawson uses a number of sound and picture devices in the poem â€Å"In Training†. How do they help us to enhance her description of the swimmer and the river?We have all seen a swimmer racing at all sports competition before, â€Å"In Training†, by Helen Lawson brings back the thoughts in our memory but moves the background setting to a calm, smooth river in the morning. The poem uses a series of sound and picture devices to help us imagine the swimmer powering through the water. Lawson explains the swimmer’s movements and uses extensive comparisons to help produce detailed pictures in the reader’s mind. Similes are a comparison between two people, places or things. This helps to create a picture in the reader’s mind of what the poet is portraying. There are a number of similes in the poem,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦leaves/ that hang like a veil†, refer to a series of branches drooping over the river to resemble a veil. â€Å"Like a velvet glove†, describes the river gently folding over her as she dives into the cool water of the river. â€Å"†¦velvet glove†, pictures the water grasping onto her as she streamlines underwater. These similes help to describe the image of the swimmer by relating to similar objects. Metaphors are used effectively in this poem to make a more direct comparison. These metaphors help in describing the swimmer and her surrounding with more detail. â€Å"Over the glass ribbon† portrays the river’s water to look clear and â€Å"glassy like in appearance†. â€Å"Then she is an engine† describes the swimmer powering through the water. Just like an engine, as she swims through the water her body moves in a repetitive and rhythmic way. Also, for an engine to function all the parts need to work together. The swimmer uses her legs and arms together to swim strongly. The metaphors used are very useful to help picture the swimmer in ones mind. Personification is used to make an object seem human like, even though it is non living, Lawson uses personification to give the impression of human feelings and movements. â€Å"Dawn Whispers† describes the sounds of the morning leaves and trees rustling in the light and fragile wind. â€Å"The river/ gently enfolds her† reflects on the river closing in and filling the empty spaces around the swimmer as she dives into the water. â€Å"†¦Morning’s secrets†,  describes happenings that only happen in the morning, some of the mornings hidden secrets that can only be seen in the early hours of the day. Personification is an effective form of describing movements and action of non living things, Lawson uses personification very well in this poem. Onomatopoeia is a sound device used in poems to give the impression of sound and effects. â€Å"Stirring the leaves† gives the impression of leaves rustling in the wind. Another example of onomatopoeia is â€Å"†¦ bursts through the surface†, this sentence gives the sound of a big rush of water as she surfaces. â€Å"†¦explosion of action and sound†, portrays water been splashed up by the powerful body movements. The swimmer and the water’s movements and sounds are clearly shown in the text and can be visualized easily. â€Å"In Training† is effective at portraying the swimmers burning desire to win. The poem helps us to feel the swimmer’s want to succeed by starting slowly, complimenting the calm setting of the story, but then building up to large and powerful words. This follows the pace of the swimmer. The swimmer starts slowly, but by the end is powering through the water, splashing up droplets of water that catch the sunshine. I can greatly reflect on this poem, times in the past I had the same passion, but also currently in my life, I have the same burning desire to win and succeed. References: – â€Å"In Training†, Helen Lawson (Poem)- Helen Lawson – An Analysis, Unknown Author (2005)

Haier: What is technological change? Essay

Technological change (TC) is a term that is used to describe the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes.[1][2] The term is synonymous with technological development, technological achievement, and technological progress. In essence TC is the invention of a technology (or a process), the continuous process of improving a technology (in which it often becomes cheaper) and its diffusion throughout industry or society. In short, technological change is based on both better and more technology. Haier as a manufactural group and technologic change also impact them deeply. For example after Haier established they faces on fridge and air condition unit 1997 its entering color TV industry as the initiative, and it went into the industries of black household appliances and information household appliances. In 21st centry with the development of technologic Haier also expand their product range. For instance Haier Digital and Personal Product Group is a good example. They are engaged in multiple fields such as home appliances, computers and mobile phones. It is the only manufacturer in China that is able to produce big screens of TV, mid-sized screens of computer as well as small mobile screens. Haier takes personalized entertainment to another level by offering a brand new and unique smart home life solution through â€Å"cloud family† plan. Centered by Cloud Smart TV, cloud family integrates computers, mobile phones and home appliances to comprehensive interconnection and interaction. In recent month Haier digital developed DV- WF10 intelligent cloud camera. It can connect with terminal equipment (intelligent mobile phone, computer, PAD, etc.) in the wireless network. So customers can use wireless uploading the pictures or videos to phones or computer directly. With the development of biology mapped the entire sequence of human genes which improves our ability to treat a wide range of diseases and illnesses that are linked to the genes.

Depression Research Paper Essay

People every day are diagnosed with mental and emotional illnesses that completely change their lives. Depression is one of the many illnesses that take its toll on an average person. Medical experts believe that depression causes more disability throughout the world than almost any other medical illness or disorder (World Book). Depression affects more Americans than cancer, AIDS, or coronary heart disease. About one in five Americans will develop a mood disorder, usually depression, at some point in his or her life (O. Hyde and Forsyth 7). In some cases chemicals that brain cells use to communicate are out of balance and causes depression (CQ Researcher). Many recognized with this sickness may not believe they can live a normal life. However a patient diagnosed with depression can lead a normal life by taking medication, different types of therapy, and gaining support from family and friends. â€Å"How did my sister fall through a hole in her life and into some other life below?â € (Schumacher 3). Depression brings about feelings other than sadness that affects a patient each and every day. â€Å"‘I can’t describe it,’ Dora said. ‘I don’t know how’† (Schumacher 40). People dealing with this illness find it hard to explain the feeling. â€Å"It’s like being trapped and you feel completely stuck, it really effects how you think every day† (Anonymous). When one is depressed they feel miserable and lose interest in all activity. â€Å"All I wanted to do was sleep; I never wanted to go out and lost a lot of connection from my friends† (Anonymous). â€Å"‘A drowning person doesn’t rescue herself,’ I said†¦ I pictured Dora Struggling and drowning. ‘Which is why it’s so important-for your sister and for everyone else-that she learn to swim’† (Schumacher 116). Depression is always described as being lost or being stuck in a black hole, it seems like there is no way out of it, but with a little help there is. Doctors are now able to diagnose and treat depression with medications better than they were before (CQ Researcher). â€Å"It depends on the severity you have it, for more severe cases medication is definitely helpful. Depression, in most cases is just a chemical imbalance and taking medication can balance everything out and make you feel more normal† (Anonymous). Antidepressants are the category of medication used to help treat the chemical imbalance that causes depression. Taking medications, such as antidepressants, is not necessary in all cases of this illness. â€Å"My mom definitely had a more severe case than I did, she took medication and you could tell the difference in her mood  drastically changed and she spent more time with us as opposed to when she wasn’t taking antidepressants† (Anonymous). Antidepressants increase the attentiveness of neurotransmitters in the brain. Antidepressants do not work immediately. After numerous weeks of treatment the r eceptors become less sensitive and depression lifts (World Book). There are three different types of antidepressants. One type is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s), which is one of the newer drugs that aid depression. SSRI’s prevent brain cells from reabsorbing extra neurotransmitters after the chemicals have delivered their messages. It focuses on one specific neurotransmitter alone, serotonin (O. Hyde and H. Forsyth 54). Another type is tricyclic antidepressants (TCA’s) which along with SSRI’s stops the brain from receiving excessive neurotransmitters, but this category focuses on two types of neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine (O. Hyde and H. Forsyth 53). Tricyclic refers to the chemical structure of the compounds. The third type of antidepressant is monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI’s) which inhibit a protein that breaks down excess neurotransmitters, norepinephrine (World Book). Patients on monoamine oxidase norepinephrine have to avoid foods containing tyramine (O. Hyde and H. Forsyth 55). These three types of antidepressants all help to chemically balance the brain and helps put a patient back on track to live a normal life. Although antidepressants bring stability to a depressed person there are some side effects. Some side effects include weight loss, weight gain, nausea, dry mouth, dizziness, sweating, tremor, sleep disturbances, blurred vision, seizures, and yawning (Schumacher 106). A bunch of the side effects are major but are mostly non-persistent or might not even occur. Some see the side effects not being worth it. â€Å"My mom saw that living a more normal life was worth a few side effects that probably weren’t going to happen† (Anonymous). Therapy is another way patients with depression can cope. There are two different types of therapy a person suffering depression can take on. Many patients benefit from psychotherapy which can focus on improving thinking, problem solving, improving personal relationships, or increasing enjoyable activities (World Book). Psychotherapy helps depression caused mostly by an emotional imbalance. Cognitive therapy is a branch of psychotherapy that is based off the idea that depressed people have distorted views of the world, the future and themselves. It helps correct  the negative thoughts that are developed in the brain of a patient. Behavioral therapy is another subdivision of psychotherapy used. Behavioral therapy is similar to cognitive therapy in that it alters ones thought patterns and changes their behavior. One last stem of psychotherapy is psychodynamic therapy which takes people into their past to find out unresolved problems and helps a person understand and cope with their conflicts (O. Hyde and H. Forsyth 67). â€Å"At first I felt awkward talking to someone I didn’t know, even though there was a confidentially thing it was hard to trust my therapist. After a while though, it was good talk and get things out, it helped with my mild depression and self-harm I went through† (Anonymous). Talking to a therapist helps the mind of a depressed patient get back to where it needs to be. If medication and psychotherapy fail, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be prescribed by a doctor. Electroconvulsive therap y was also previously known as electroshock therapy. Electroconvulsive therapy is for patients who haven’t responded to any other treatment. It uses electrically induced seizures for a therapeutic effect. Before the procedure anesthesia is typically given so that the patient doesn’t experience any uneasiness or feel the electric current and knowingly experience the seizure. The use of ECT is to treat hospitalized patients who remain severely depressed with suicidal thoughts. Electroconvulsive therapy commonly restores these depressed patients to a normal mental state (World Book). Most patients who use ETC and do not follow it up with medication will relapse back into a depressed state. Physicians have no idea how ETC brings one out of depression. Many patients who severely suffer from depression feel that the treatment of electroconvulsive therapy is worth the risk (O. Hyde and H. Forsyth 66). Another way a depressed person can strive to live a normal life is to gain support from friends and family. â€Å"‘Do me a favor?’ She asked, with her mouth by my ear. ‘Sure,’ I said ‘Name it.’ ‘Save me,’ she said† (Schumacher 29). If a patient knows that they always have friends and family to fall back on if they need anything then it makes one feel more comfortable. â€Å"Friends helped me a lot; they understood me on a different level than my family did. My family sometimes didn’t understand the reasons why I was depressed and upset and they never knew what to say to me because it affected them also† (Anonymous). Times when a depressed person can’t turn to their therapist they always have friends and family around to  support them. If family and friends do not treat the patient like they have an illness then they are less likely to feel out of place in everyday activities. If others surrounding the person suffering from depression act different towards them it won’t help in the process for them to exist in a normal life. â€Å"I’ve read this quote somewhere and I loved it, ‘People who are not depressed see the world the way they want to see it. People who are depressed see the world the way it actually is.’ It seems relevant† (Anonymous). Depression changes a patient’s entire life. They are left exhausted physically and emotionally and not wanting to do anything. The illness brings out emotions in a person that is indescribable. They think about all the bad things in reality and not the things that make life happier. All the conflicting emotions may make it look as if it’s impossible to lead a normal functioning life. Having a regular being is not unfeasible to achieve with a little help. Depression can be a chemical or emotional imbalance, or maybe a combination of both. â€Å"Some things bring it out more than other things† (Anonymous). However a patient diagnosed with depression can lead a normal life by taking medication such as antidepressants, trying different types of therapy like psychotherapy or electroconvulsive therapy, and gaining positive support from family and friends. â€Å"At first it was truly one of the toughest battles I had to go through, especially because of the history with my mom dealing with it, slowly but surely I conquered through it, no one treats me differently, it’s normal† (Anonymous).